The financial benefits of game use can be improved by developing expertise, technology, and marketing. Producing meat from wildlife earns less income than from domestic herbivores but is ecologically sustainable. Further degradation of the ECST may be limited by alternative management strategies, including the use of wildlife for meat production and ecotourism. The impact of indigenous herbivores differs in scale, intensity, and nature from that of domestic ungulates. This rangeland degradation has largely been attributed to pastoralism with domestic herbivores.

Coupled with these changes are alterations of soil structure and secondary productivity.

Overgrazing has extensively degraded vegetation, resulting in the loss of phytomass and plant species and the replacement of perennials by annuals. These semiarid thickets have been subjected to intensive grazing by domestic ungulates, which have largely replaced indigenous herbivores over the last 2 centuries. The thicket dynamics are not well understood, but elephants may have been important browsers and patch disturbance agents. Undegraded ECST forms an impenetrable, spiny thicket up to 3 m high consisting of a wealth of growth forms, including evergreen plants, succulent and deciduous shrubs, lianas, grasses, and geophytes. The Eastern Cape Subtropical Thicket (ECST) froms the transition between forest, semiarid karroid shrublands, and grassland in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Asset management, to prolong the life of the infrastructure.ĭesertification of subtropical thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there alternatives? work in order to reduce the risk of failure in the water supply to the town. in selected towns in the Eastern and Western Cape. Įastern Cape and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. We perceive game farming as anĮnsuring water supply for all towns and villages in the Eastern Cape. However, what it means for rural development processes in the immediate region and beyond is not well accounted for. Game farming reorders the use, meaning and value of land and animal species. The analysis of game farming is set in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Rural development and the role of game farming in the Eastern Cape, South Africa Irrigation development and providing water for human consumption have been key factors in the countryâ€™s rural development planning, notably during the post-apartheid era when the Reconstruction and Development Programme This paper addresses water-related issues in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Â€˜Irrigation by nightâ€™ in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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